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Creating a Family: Talk about Adoption & Foster Care
Are you thinking about adopting or fostering a child? Confused about all the options and wondering where to begin? Or are you an adoptive or foster parent or kinship caregiver trying to be the best parent possible to this precious child? This is the podcast for you! Every week, we interview leading experts for an hour, discussing the topics you care about in deciding whether to adopt/foster or how to be a better parent. This podcast is produced by www.CreatingaFamily.org. We are the national non-profit with the mission to strengthen and inspire adoptive, foster & kinship parents and the professionals who support them. Creating a Family brings you the following trauma-informed, expert-based content: weekly podcasts, weekly articles, and resource pages on all aspects of family building at our website, CreatingAFamily.org. We also have an active presence on many social media platforms. Please like or follow us on Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Instagram and X (formerly Twitter).
Creating a Family: Talk about Adoption & Foster Care
7 Core Issues in Adoption & Foster Care
Click here to send us a topic idea or question for Weekend Wisdom.
Do you want to help your adopted or foster child work through the big issues they may face in life? Join our discussion of the seven core issues with Allison Davis Maxon, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. She is the co-author of Seven Core Issues in Adoption and Permanency, The Seven Core Issues Workbook for Parents of Traumatized Children and Teens, and The Seven Core Issues in Adoption and Permanency Workbook for Children and Teens.
In this episode, we cover:
- The 7 core issues in adoption and foster care: Loss, Rejection, Guilt/Shame, Grief, Identity, Intimacy, Mastery/Control
- These 7 core issues impact all adoptees and foster kids to some degree and are crucial for adoptive and foster parents to understand.
- They also impact all members of the adoption or foster care triad: adoptee or foster child or adult, birth parent, and adoptive/foster parent. Today, we will focus primarily on how these 7 core issues impact adoptees and those who spent time in foster care and what role parents can play in helping their children process these issues.
- These core issues can manifest themself differently in children at different ages and stages.
- Parents can provide guidance and support, allowing the child to feel every emotion deeply. They can also use education, understanding, awareness, and acceptance tools to encourage the child to move forward.
- Loss.
- What have adopted and foster kids lost?
- What can parents do to help?
- Rejection.
- How have adopted and foster kids been rejected?
- What can parents do to help?
- Guilt/Shame.
- What causes adopted and foster children or adults to feel guilt or shame?
- What can parents do to help?
- Grief.
- What can adopted and foster children or adults grieve?
- What can parents do to help?
- Identity.
- What are the universal identity issues faced by adopted and foster children or adults?
- Additional issues for transracial adoptees.
- Having the label “foster” to your identity is shaming.
- Does openness in adoption “cure” this issue?
- What can parents do to help?
- Intimacy.
- What issues with intimacy are common with adopted and foster children or adults?
- What can parents do to help?
- Mastery and Control.
- What mastery and control issues are common with adopted and foster children or adults?
- What can parents do to help?
Our children can heal!
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Please leave us a rating or review. This podcast is produced by www.CreatingaFamily.org. We are a national non-profit with the mission to strengthen and inspire adoptive, foster & kinship parents and the professionals who support them.
Creating a Family brings you the following trauma-informed, expert-based content:
- Weekly podcasts
- Weekly articles/blog posts
- Resource pages on all aspects of family building
Please pardon any errors, this is an automated transcript.
Welcome to Creating a Family. Talk about foster, adoptive, and kinship care. We want to welcome back our regulars and say thank you, thank you, and to do a special shout out.
Welcome to the new listeners who are joining us. We're the Top Rated Adoption Foster and Kinship Care podcast, and we wouldn't be there without you,
so thank you so much. I am Dawn Davenport. I am the host of this show, as well as the director of the non -profit creating a family .org. So today we're going to be talking about the seven core issues in adoption and foster care.
We will be talking with Allison Davis Maxon. She is a licensed marriage and family therapist and holds a master's degree in social work. She's a recognized expert in the field of child welfare and children's mental health,
and she specializes in attachment, developmental trauma, and permanency in adoption. She is the best. director of the National Center on Adoption and Permanency and was the foster care consultant for the Paramount Pictures movie Instant Family.
Allison is the co -author of Seven Core Issues in Adoption and Permanency as well as the Seven Core Issues workbook for Parents of Traumatized Children and teens and her newest book is the Seven Core Issues in Adoption and Permanency Workbook for Children and Teens.
She is a prolific author. Her books are excellent. The workbooks are a wonderful addition to the genre of parenting books for adoptive and foster and kinship parents as well,
although primarily for adoption and foster. So welcome, Allison, to Creating a Family. Hi, Dawn. It's a pleasure to be here. I'm happy to be speaking. with you in your audience today.
All right. So let's just start at the beginning. The seven core issues in adoption in foster care are loss, rejection, guilt /shame, so guilt and shame,
grief, identity, intimacy, mastery and control. And these seven core issues impact all adoptees and foster kids to some degree and are crucial for adoptive and foster parents.
to understand, so we are thankful to have you help us understand those. They also impact all members of the adoption and foster care, what we call triad, which was adoptees or foster child or adult,
birth parents, and either adoptive or foster parents. So today we're going to be primarily focusing on how these seven core issues impact adoptees and those who spent time in foster care.
and what role, specifically what role parents can play in helping their child process through these issues. So these seven core issues can manifest themselves differently in kids at different ages and stages.
I guess that goes without saying, so it's almost everything in childhood does that. Parents can provide guidance, support, and allowing the child to feel every emotion they feel, and allowing them to feel as deeply as possible.
choose to feel. They can also use education, understanding awareness and acceptance tool to encourage the child to move forward and to help process some of these issues.
So what I would like to do is begin with the first of the seven core issues and that is loss. And for each of the issues I want to talk about how these impact the kids and then what parents can do to help.
So let's start with loss. What have our kids, our adoptive kids, or our foster kids? And if you need to separate those two, that is fine. What have they lost?
Well, that's a big question, Don, because they've lost so much. And historically in the field of both adoption and foster care throughout the last year.
or so years, these losses have really been minimized because we focus more on the gains, right? The gains in adoption, like you're getting a family. So we've minimized these losses or we've misunderstood them.
So these are profound life altering losses that change the trajectory of oneself, of literally who they are in this world.
When we move it child from one family tree onto another familial tree, the losses they experience, again, are profound core losses when you're going to be losing the birth first parents that created you and those familial trees,
like not just those folks, but the culture on that familial tree, the ancestry, the history, the lineage. the story of that tree, and that tree that made me.
So those profound losses that then can also, especially now for a child in foster care, can turn into now I've lost attachment security.
I've lost unconditional love. I've lost belonging. I don't fit anywhere. I've not been claimed. My needs haven't been claimed. I may have lost unconditional love and rooted I lost very big profound life -altering things.
So, feeling from these things and being able to, through development, which you alluded to, understanding what I've lost, because most or many of these losses have occurred preverbally before the young human can understand and narrate their experience.
I'm actually glad you brought that up because I think that we hear very often from parents who are adopting very young children, perhaps even at birth. We hear they're a baby.
I mean, my gosh, they were less than 24 hours old. What could they possibly have lost? We hear that a lot. I'm sure you do as well. The loss of who do I look like? The loss of where did I get my love of the piano from,
or my musical talents, or my fast -running things such as that, we recognize the losses that kids who have been adopted at an older age or who have experienced abuse or neglect,
we understand those losses, I think perhaps better than we understand the losses for children who come to us at a very young age. Yeah, perfectly said. And it's actually why one of the things we find with parents,
especially when they adopt early, is they're not talking enough about the losses. They might be avoiding talking about it or minimizing those losses, one, because they just may not understand how profound and deeply rooted these losses impact the human psyche,
body, mind, heart, etc. So talking through different various developmental stages is one why this current book that we're talking about really came out to give parents tools specifically to frame things and talk about things they might not be talking enough about.
Because our parents that adopt or foster have to do all the things other parents have to do, homework and school and doctors are all those things and making corrections and doing all the parenting things,
telling, you know, don't hit your brother, that type of thing. Yes, we do it all. All the disciplining, all that stuff, and then they have all these other additional tasks at each stage of development. So from toddlerhood to latency school age to preteen to teen,
there's additional tasks that our parents have because of these profound losses and the core issues and how they play out on the interior of the child in their heart, mind and body.
Very much so. So what can parents do to help their child understand? and then process some of the losses that they have experienced through either adoption or foster care?
The first and I always think the most important thing is really always focusing on strengthening attachment security, that you my child can come to me with any feeling,
like I'm not as grief gets stuck as any Like we don't fear big emotions and our kids have big emotions because that's often how grief gets stuck and that we can talk about really complex difficult things including trauma and drug addiction and abuse and sexual abuse and really tough things because that's often what's happened to some of our kids that have come into care or that have been adopted.
We have to be able as parents to talk about and contextualize is kind of the other way to think about it, kind of put a frame around understanding more complexities.
So our children don't interpret their adoption experience or their foster care experience as their fault because many children do make that assumption that I was a bad kid or there's something wrong with me or I was unlovable in some way.
So we have to unpack. how that child might be narrating that experience. So we want to give parents additional tools to be able to bring up and talk about things and not avoid the big emotions,
like kind of lean into those big emotions. So the grief work gets done. All right. So our second core issue is rejection. So how have adopted and foster kids been rejected?
Rejection is a core theme that shows up pretty quickly from all the losses. Every loss in attachment from I lost a mother that I grew inside of,
or I lost the birth first father I never knew, or I moved five times in five different foster homes so I had five different mothers, or I grew up in an orphanage in another country so I may have lost my mother.
and a culture and a language and my heritage from that country. Kids can feel quickly rejected by all those people, by those places, even alienated from their own culture if they don't know their history and language.
So rejection can show up as a core theme and often then creates for kids a fear of attachment, right? I fear getting connected. I don't trust connection.
I'm gonna wait for you to let me down again. It often plays out inside their current parent -child attachment relationship. If I've been rejected so many times by a mom,
and even if that's not what the mom's intended to do, but it's how it feels to me, if I keep losing all these people that were supposed to take care of me or love me, so that rejects me.
become a core theme in my relationships with other humans. I don't trust anymore, right? I don't trust you to take care of me. So I can be oppositional and defiant and difficult and push you away and it shows up in behaviors.
This theme of rejection. Not just in the parent -child. Talk just briefly about how children can and adults who have been adopted, adoptees, can internalize.
rejection and how it can play out in other adult relationships, not the parent -child. - 100 % because once that attachment pattern is internalized by that young human,
and these are learned patterns, if I've been rejected so many times, I may grow up and in my adult relationships either set up my own rejection or be so codependent in unhealthy relationships.
that I don't let go of poor relationships. I might even allow folks to mistreat me or hurt me or abuse me because I'm in such fear of more rejection so we can either hold on too tightly or not allow ourselves to get close to anyone because we fear more rejection,
more abandonment. So what can parents do to help? Well, one of the things, and in fact in the workbook, especially in the teen section,
and in the teen section in the workbook on the seven core issues for children and teens, there's seven chapters. So the teens are working through all the activities, questionnaires in each of those chapters.
In the rejection chapter, you'll actually see me starting with what I call a strength -based approach. Because what kid wants to open a book and go, "Hey, I'm going to work on all my trauma and all my rejection." So we're always leaning into strengths,
and we have to take a strength -based orientation while we're building resiliency. So we're trying to help kids understand their own patterns. Like, "Why do I fear rejection,
or why is this pattern so difficult for me, or why is closeness so scary for me?" And I mean emotional closeness. Some of our kids may fear more touch or fear getting too close because if you really knew me,
you wouldn't like me or you would reject me or maybe they don't feel likeable within themselves. So what parents can do specifically is really make sure they're communicating unconditional love.
And I mean, that's really important. It can be one of the losses for kids. in adoption or foster care feeling like, does anyone love me just for me? Do they really see me or do I have to be perfect?
Do I have to behave perfect or act perfectly to earn your love? And kids should never have to earn our unconditional love. They should rest inside of our unconditional love. Yeah,
beautifully said. Let me take a moment to tell you about a interactive trial. that creating a family has created for Foster, Adoptive, and Ken families.
It can also be used as a support group curriculum. We have 25 curriculum that have been created on topics directly relevant to Foster, Adoptive, and Kinship families. Each one is a standalone.
It is a turnkey resource. You can take it off the digital shelf, so to speak, and everything you need to quickly run a good training or a high quality support group is in it.
The video is there, a facilitator guide is there, a handout is there, and an additional resource sheet. We also include certificates of completion for those who need that because they're seeking continuing aid credit.
Check it out at parentsupportgroups .org or you can go to our website creatingafamily .org, hover over the word training, and click on "Support Group Curriculum." All right,
the third of the seven core issues is guilt /shame, guilt or shame. What causes our children, or adults, they don't have to just be children.
What causes adoptees to feel guilt or shame? Because the things that happen to them are things that happen to them. They are the victims, not the perpetrators. So, where does guilt and shame come from?
Yeah. And Don, this is the tricky part, especially because developmental trauma, and that's trauma in childhood, specifically early childhood, that is attachment -oriented, is always relational.
It's relational trauma. And children are building their core sense of self, like their belief about self. Like how, if it's me, how Allison feels about Allison,
do I deserve love? and I treat it in a loving way? If I get treated harshly or I get abandoned or rejected or let go of repeatedly I begin to build a very negative view of myself what might even be a shame -based view of myself I don't deserve love.
I hate myself. I might have self -loathing. I might think I'm bad because I'm building my identity my formation and my belief about self -loathing. core trauma hits that young human psyche in such an intense and powerful way.
It's why parents can be the most profound healers of this core trauma for children, because they really are helping to either de -shame the interior of the child,
or do away with what we call unhealthy guilt, like toxic guilt. Like, all of this is my fault. I'm in foster care because I'm a bad kid. or this family didn't want me and it's my fault or I had too many behaviors.
I acted out and my dad hit me because I was a bad kid. You know, if I hadn't broken the cookie jar or whatever, you know, he wouldn't have hit me. And if he hadn't hit me, this wouldn't have happened to me or into my siblings,
perhaps. Yes. 100%. And even our children who were adopted at birth can often enter "I was an ugly baby. I was a fussy baby.
I was a bad baby." Or, "I was in neonatal intensive care unit for too long. You know, if I had bucked it up and I could have gotten out sooner, then my birth mom would have taken me home." Those type of things that it's not just children who have experienced the early life abuse and neglect.
No, a relinquishment trauma. what you're referring to, Don, really is different than how kids experience the core issues in foster care, where the birth first parents in foster care may be working their service plan,
trying to get them back, like fighting to get them back. That often does feel different to a child whose birth or first parents relinquished that, said, I can't do it or I'm not able to do it or I don't wanna do it,
maybe I'm not ready, I'm yelling. or I feel unequipped. That relinquishment trauma feels very different and often by the way unfolds developmentally at older ages where the child or the young adult often wants more answers one try to not feel the deep projection like,
was I held, did she want me, did she name me, did I have a name, did she rock me, did she try to keep me, was she for me? let me go? All these questions?
Did she cry when she left? Those type of things, sure. 100 % because it means she loved me. I had one of my good friends who was an adoptee, and I do an adoptee's support group, an adult adoptee's support group.
But one of my friends who was an adoptee said, when she finally got access to her files, by the way, and even in California, adoptees can access their birth certificates. So advocating for adoptees' rights is always really important for us in the community.
But she said when she finally got her files and could see everything, she was 39 years old. And she said she opened the file and she sobbed because she saw that her mother,
her birth first mother named her, gave her a name. And to her, that felt like she loved me. If you love your baby, you name your baby. Like she loved me,
she gave me a name and she didn't find that out until she was 39 years old. You can see how the lingering effects of these core issues span over a lifetime when kids don't have answers to their questions.
They don't have enough knowledge about the facts and the truth of their story. It's really important to have that information. So, perhaps overlying all of the seven core issues when we're talking about kids.
parents do, try to get as much information and give the child the information. That's a fundamental thing that can help address all of these issues.
And if you're adopting at birth, then that means asking as many questions as you can to the birth parents, trying to find out birth grandparents' names and access information.
If that's something that's acceptable to the expected parents. that you're working with. And if you're adopting from foster care, get as much information, try to talk with the former foster parents.
If not, then extended family members. If you can't talk with birth family, caseworkers for heaven's sakes, if that's all, get answers to as many questions as you could think that the child might have.
That's kind of an overarching thing, but specific to guilt and shame. Are there things that parents can do to help our kids not carry the burden of this shame and guilt?
Yeah, 100%. I'm going to link it to what you just said, John, because it's so important. It's often why parents may not be talking enough about the facts and the truth because one,
they may not have all the facts. So I always encourage parents to be the gatekeeper of all the information and work to get critical accurate information, get updates,
like it's so important and I'm a big proponent of openness, getting as much fact -based information even from prior placements, prior foster parents, because those caregivers hold truths of your child's history,
get pictures, keep all that information. And then through a developmental process, share that information with your child. encourage all their questions. And this is the important piece about guilt or shame because many kids aren't saying,
"Hey, let's sit down and talk about my shame." Most kids couldn't name it number one. And if they could name it, they don't want to talk about it because it's shameful. Right. So they're avoiding it. So we need parents to be really good decoders of behaviors and really not fear big emotions.
Like really, we want to be really good decoders of behaviors and really not fear big emotions. the block a couple of times. We're not afraid of any emotion and any emotion, including despair or loneliness or fear or terror.
Some of our kids have experienced terrifying things when they were small. We can't fear any big emotion. And often what we find is parents may not be talking enough about the facts and the truth of the story and what happened.
and how it happened and why it happened because they don't want to trigger the child or they don't want to step on an emotional landmine so we avoid it and I want to encourage parents to do the opposite,
to welcome all the questions, all the feelings, all the curiosity, kids are smart and I always tell parents your kids have already survived all of it. They have deep pain and loss but they survived,
their body was there, their heart was there, their sensory system was there. You're now just helping them narrate and understand and process all that happened to them and really empowering parents to lean in a bit more therapeutically.
It's actually why I built the workbook in the way that I did, so it's very parent -friendly. It is. So parents can kind of read the activities and help with the exercises and it gives them a way to be My hope is a little less fearful around some of these big scary issues that they're navigating every day with their kids All right moving into the next of the core issues number four grief What do adoptees grieve this
time? Let's separate those who were adopted at birth and those who were adopted at an older age or in foster care at an older age. What would an adoptee who was adopted at birth,
what is there to grieve? Yeah, so we'll start with that one, Don, and it's a great way to separate it out because I usually start parents with their kiddos making it really tangible.
We can't really grieve unless we've identified our losses, so it's really important for one to start with like, well, what are my losses? And every human is different, every kiddo is going to be different.
So I have them start with something tangible. And this is an activity in the workbook. It's called your loss jar. If you're adopted, you're going to create my adoption loss jar and literally get a jar that you can open up and start writing down your losses and putting it in that jar.
They can be feelings or questions or memories or anything connected to your adoption experience. Like, I didn't get a picture of my birth mother or I don't even know my birth father's name or I came from an orphanage.
So I don't know why I was placed at the orphanage. Whatever that adoption story is, we want to make it tangible and put those losses in the jar, at least so they're not swimming around in the mind and the heart of the adoptee.
We have a place to put them. And then we can start doing what I call some of the grief work. Like let's just pull out one of those losses today. So you can have mom or dad say,
hey, let's call out one of those today. And let's draw a picture about that loss or talk about our feelings connected to that loss. Children grieve differently,
which is really important for parents to know. When grief gets stuck in children's or teens, it very quickly looks like anger. Like I'm angry every second of every day. I'm angry all the time.
I have mood swings because they're stuck in a grief process. So even starting that process where kids are given permission to kind of label their losses without parents maybe personalizing them,
like we can't save our kids from all the losses that they've experienced connected to adoption, which is why of the parents losses. Our parents have their own court issues connected to this experience.
For our kids in foster care, John, I would have them do a foster care loss jar. And you could imagine all of the times they've moved or they lost their best friend in that house where I lost my school or my favorite teacher or I lost the foster mom that I love so much.
I don't see her anymore. On top of I don't see my birth sibling. anymore, they were adopted into different families. All those losses, I had one young girl when I first did her loss jar and she was in foster care.
She identified 52 losses in the hour I worked with her. And that was just kind of the beginning of, we have to be able to identify our losses, we don't know what we're grieving.
And so much, both in adoption and foster care, we don't do the grief work because the losses, are ambiguous. These are losses with no closure. We don't get any closure on these losses. Like,
I don't see these people, but it feels like they died to me. Where are the gravestones? Where's the funeral? Where's the ceremony? Where do I put my tears, my pain, my sadness? So these are ambiguous losses.
It's why this is so important. Plus, people are telling you that you're better off. Right. Yeah. Right? And it doesn't feel that way. Yeah. may feel that partly, but you still have a loss that you need to grieve even if you are better off and it doesn't help any when you're struggling to be told,
"Well, you should be thankful. You should be grateful." Oh, so true. And they carry these losses inside their heart, mind, and body. I always want to have parents kind of visualize this lost jar for our children and see that they take it to school with them.
They take it into relationships with them. They take it into relationships with them. you. It's why this might show up with maybe they have challenges opening up their heart to you or getting close to you because they've had so many losses that make them feel ashamed or rejected or bad about themselves.
Identifying these losses and working to do the grief work and have parents doing that with them is very healing because kids don't do grief alone. We should. be co -regulating that grief with them.
So that's an important part of the process. And obviously, again, working with an adoption -trained therapist, it's so helpful for helping kids process all of these issues.
So we'll throw that out there as a general, what can parents do? Let me pause here to let you know that we are seeking your questions. We now have a podcast called Weekend Wisdom.
It drops on Sunday. We take questions that have been submitted from you, our audience, and we answer them in about five to ten minutes. So please send us your questions at info @creatingathamily .org.
That's info @creatingathamily .org. Send us your questions. The next of the seven core issues. this would be number five is identity.
This is a big one, and one we spend a lot of time thinking about. So what are some of the universal identity issues faced by adoptees? And then we'll talk about foster children.
Well, for adoptees in particular, adoption disrupts identity formation in pretty significant ways. I want you to imagine if the big of an identity,
cohesive identity, is like putting together a complex puzzle with a thousand pieces. If you're missing a third of your pieces, or half of your pieces,
it's hard to put that puzzle together and feel whole. If you're missing vital pieces, it's why this search for self and the search for missing pieces,
it's often why being able to search for my back story, my history, my conception story, or what happened to me, or where are my people, especially if it was a transracial adoption where I feel very disconnected from my culture,
my ethnic, my racial identity, and the people that made me and where I come from, I'm missing more pieces of self so I can get some of those things met within my family system.
but I can't get all those pieces from inside of my current family. So often that search for the missing pieces is a lot of the ongoing work.
It's actually pretty tiring when you sit with even adult adoptees, when you listen to them, they're like, "I'm exhausted. I'm in search and reunion. Am I going to get rejected again? Do they even want to see me? Would they be proud of me?" It's like all the tremendous insecurities that can be baked in from,
I'm looking for my pieces, but it's emotionally loaded. And do I feel strong enough or resilient enough? What if I get bad news? What if I find out people are gone or dead or they don't want to see me,
or they didn't really want me to begin with? It's a lot of emotional work. Or they didn't even know I existed. She never even told anybody I existed. Yes, and for kids in care,
or teens even that a man's no connection, no relational permanency, they often feel they belong nowhere. Like belonging is so important to identity formation.
Like there's a we before there's a me. Like we're born into a family. Like everybody starts being born into a family. There's a we that the family and the family system and the culture of that family helps to build the identity and the self.
of the child. It's just how us humans work. If I'm missing all of my humans, all of my people, there is no we. I don't feel rootedness. I don't feel belonging. I may feel like I don't fit anywhere.
Yeah. That's hard to even imagine to not belong anywhere. And how do you form an identity when you don't belong? Yep. And it is the challenge I work with a lot of those emancipated youth and,
you know, it's just kind of one of my great passions to help build relational permanency before we emancipate children from the system, because the outcomes are so poor for those kids.
The other identity piece done, and I do want to emphasize this, those that are listening, especially social workers, potentially, that the label of being a foster child, it's why I don't like the term foster child or foster kid,
puts the label first, and to help that label be a part of your identity can be very shaming. It adds more shame because I can feel like I know what that label means out there in the world if I'm this kid.
It means you're unwanted or nobody wanted you or that's just how it feels if I'm that person. So we always want to use a child in care or an adult in foster care or a young adult in foster care or teen in care.
we always want to see the human first. In identity formation, often our kids have to work to undo that label, because they see themselves as, I guess that's what I am. I am a foster kid.
That's the only label I may have, because I might not belong anywhere else. I don't have a family. So they absorb this label and they can become this label and see themselves through that label.
Mm -hmm. I'm so glad you raised that. would expand the label issue even greater. We recently interviewed two of their young adults now, former foster youth,
and one was a parent. And she talked about that label. The other one had been sexually abused, and she talked about that label. Or even our kids who even something like ADHD.
And it's particularly relevant because it can become your identity. If that's the case, attached to you, if you are not seen before the issues associated with you or your living situation or whatever.
If you're not seen as a whole person on your own. I'm with you, Don. Sometimes therapists and the broader culture are a big part of the problem. In quickly finding a label and pathologizing our kids for really what is early developmental trauma and grief.
and loss and shame issues. So some of our kids get labeled as oppositional defiant disorder, which is really an attachment challenge. Some of these labels are very pathologizing and not helpful for our kids and our families.
Yeah, labels are a double -edged sword because I do see oftentimes that there are advantages. It's easier to get help. It's easier for nothing else to know what to Google to search.
It's easier to get services. I mean, some of the services are only available if you have a label. It's easier to know from a parent standpoint. If you're trying to find your people,
if I want to find people who've experienced what I have experienced, it helps to have a label so I can say, "I'm in foster care. Therefore, I would like to connect with other foster youth." That type of thing.
On the other hand, you hit the nail on the head when you said that it can be pathologizing. Yeah, we see the label. And, John, all the things you just described, we built a system where we have to use these labels for medical reimbursement.
We built a system in a book, the DSM, that's got a lot of labels that basically are behavioral clusters. We look at symptoms. It doesn't necessarily help us to always get to what's the need underneath the behavior or the emotion underneath the behavior or the core issues and the challenges that are creating this cluster of behaviors on the surface.
Such a good point. Yeah, we have created this system. So hence some of the advantages of labeling is because of the system we have created. So that's such a good point. Let me ask a question from this identity formation issue.
And this pertains to you. primarily. Does openness and adoption, and here I'm going to use air quotes, cure this issue? So I would say no,
not completely. And cure just wouldn't be the word, right? It's not a fix -all. People tend to think, oh, openness, it's a fix -all. It creates new challenges because boundary issues and you're like,
I do love openness, especially when we talk about the open exchange of current information. Openness isn't always relationships. It's pictures. It's an openness should always be child centered and teen centered,
meaning on the teens or child's timeline and what they want. Shouldn't be about what's best for grownups. It should be about what's best for this kiddo and teen and that changes over time.
So right now in my case, I have a young man, for instance, who's had openness in a private closed adoption initially, but created openness, which the parents, the adoptive parents really wanted.
But now that the child is eight years old, he's not wanting to have any in -person visits right now. It's just, he's in a different place. He's not saying forever,
but he says once or twice a year on the phone is all he wants right now. So the parents now have to navigate how to tell the earth mother that this is what the son wants.
So these are complicated issues and challenges. But one of the things I do love about it is the child can get more answers to their questions directly from the maternal familial tree or the maternal familial tree if there's openness with grandma or a birth father or whoever those folks might be.
And they can also, my hope is, feel loved and connected to their history, their lineage. Hopefully less rejection. Bingo. Really important. They can feel loved by those folks.
Even if they weren't able to parent every day, right? Or they weren't able to keep the child. They can still feel loved from those folks. If there's nothing else in understanding of why didn't you parent me?
This is assuming that the parent relinquished the child. An understanding of other than your adoptive parents telling you they loved you very much when, quite frankly, the adoptive parents may well not know that.
It makes a difference when you can hear it from the source. I loved you. It was the hardest thing I ever had to do. I did it because it doesn't take all the pain away, but it's a step in that direction. But you're correct when you say it also adds complication,
if nothing else, very often. Going back to the core issue, which was identity, what can parents do to help? Parents here can do an awful lot.
One, the first thing I always encourage parents to do is take a position of being really curious around all the aspects of identity formation. Really giving the child some freedom to develop and figure out themselves.
who they are, and kids might even try on different identities, like, "Now I want to play baseball," or, "Now I want to play chess," or, "Now I want to go to this school," or, like,
you'll actually see them trying on as they're trying to figure out who they are. Parents being able to allow their kids some latitude and be curious in identity formation.
The other piece that's really important is keeping kids connected to their culture, ethnic, racial, ancestry, history, lineage. DNA testing has come up.
That also gives a lot of information. Being curious, helping connect kids to their culture of origin, taking trips to those places specifically.
If they're from a tribal nation, making sure you have connections to that tribal community. or if they were adopted from China, doing family trips to China specifically,
so they can actually feel more connected. And for parents to try to do a little less imposing what we think their trajectory or journey should be,
'cause identity formation is a quest we all have. Like it's all of our jobs to kind of show up and figure out who we are. and become the hero in our own story and that takes some work to do that.
It's not going to be a perfect straight line identity formation. It's going to be a bit zigzaggy and especially in adolescence where it's all about who I am and my quest for identity and for kids that are missing pieces or have trauma in their history,
their narrative. It's more work because they have to revisit painful parts of their own interior to form and develop that cohesive identity.
So they can take a bit longer, sometimes our kids from foster care or adoption take a bit longer to figure out who they are. So really supporting that process, sometimes finding an adoption competent therapist or a support group for adoptees or kids in care where they can be with.
peers that are struggling with similar issues and challenges related to, I gotta figure out who I am and I might be missing a lot of pieces. So they may engage in high risk behavior.
That's not unusual for some of our teens to start doing some even risky things as they're trying to figure out where they fit, where they belong and who they are. - Mm -hmm,
and one thing I would add, and I say, this as somebody who is involved in educating adoptive parents, don't be threatened by the adoptee wanting to search. Understand that it may well be a necessary piece to trying to resolve their identity issue.
And so many adoptees say that they were afraid to tell their parents they're searching as teens. And that's the other thing. They have access to search. and parents are naive to think that they wouldn't be searching.
And they're hiding it. If your child is hiding, or you're a young adult, or you're a fully formed adult, is hiding this from you. There's a reason. So it's probably because they're afraid that you are going to feel threatened.
They have divided loyalties. They're afraid that it's going to hurt your feelings. So letting your kids know that your feelings aren't going to be hurt and that you would understand. and if you really think about it that if you were in their situation you might want to search to so I throw that out there.
Well said and as you're talking about we said that so beautifully I have an activity in the identity section in the team workbook that has the outline of a body so see kind of the outline of a body.
And it has basically puzzle pieces in the outline of the body and it's called all the pieces of. me. And for the teen, what they're trying to put together are all these pieces of themselves.
And it really is what they're searching for. So it's an activity that I do with teens to one, help them identify what pieces do you already know? What parts of your identity are you already strong at?
Like, oh, I know I'm good at baseball, or I want to go to this college, or, you know, I'm really good at using my hands. And I like to do things like all the different strengths and parts of their identity they might be grounded in but then I also have them identify what pieces are missing what are the pieces you don't have what are the questions what are the things that still feel like they're a mystery to you
because some of our teens talk about having a mystery history which can create identity bewilderment like I don't know who I am if I'm missing too many pieces and it's hard to build a future if you don't know who you are.
This is how identity formation is so important because if I don't know who I am I really might not be able to see myself in the future building a good strong life for myself or getting close to other people because it's hard to get close to other people if I don't know who I am.
Yeah, very well said. All right, so the sixth of the seven core issues is intimacy. So what issues with intimacy are common?
And let's separate adoptive and foster kids. There are some overlap, obviously. What issues of intimacy are common with adopted kids? So with adoptees,
the intimacy challenges sometimes can surface pretty quickly. And when we say intimacy, especially early on, please think attachment, 'cause attachment and attachment security is all about creating emotional intimacy where kids don't have to fear closeness.
If there's a lack of fittedness, and that lack of fittedness can sometimes come from parents, it can be us feeling like we're insecure or I'm still getting over my own grief and loss connected to infertility or I'm not sticking with this challenge.
I struggle liking this child sometimes. It could feel like that lack of fittedness can either come from us sometimes. We might carry our own history, of course, of attachment from our own childhood that might have been subpar or strained,
or it can be from the child. If the child was exposed in utero or had a very stressful in utero experience or was in the NICU, has medical trauma, we can see children.
struggling with being able to regulate and connect and being able to relax into attachment and emotional intimacy. It can also mean that as they grow and develop once they often understand what adoption means because little ones when they're small we can say the word it's important to say the word like we're an adoption built family is usually how I have families frame that.
Not that you were adopted but we're an adoption -built family because we always want the child to hear the "we" when they're small because it's all about you belong here with us, we're an adoption -built family. But the child can later,
especially in those latency years, it's actually addressed in the child section of my workbook, start to feel like, oh wait, I was rejected or abandoned or relinquished in my first family so that that mean they didn't want me,
they didn't love me. Kids have magical thinking around these things so it can feel really hurtful and these often play out in their relationship with their current parents.
So they might fear more abandonment so it might be hard to get emotionally intimate or close or let you, my parent, into my deepest fears and insecurities.
So I might do a lot of avoidant behavior or pushing you away or have a lot of more reactive behaviors because I can't relax into attachment security because I might fear more loss fear of more abandonment or more loss.
So it can impact intimacy and then when we're adults, if we can't relax into intimacy and it could be connected to all my core losses, maybe I have more shame that I'm carrying as an adoptee because I wasn't wanted.
I have relinquishment trauma that I've never explored. And even as I say, Don, all these issues, these are things adoptees can heal with. We heal through. We actually want them to heal through these issues,
but not if they go unacknowledged. It's when they go unacknowledged that they are kind of laying into the interior of that psyche. So it's important for parents to bring them up,
explore and talk to them. things because we can't do that grief work or assist our adoptees in doing that grief work. I think that is such a good point. For kids in care,
the intimacy often is if they've had no relational permanency and that's the really important word. If their needs have never been claimed in permanency, they can't have a series of rotating mothers or fathers.
Relational Permanency is required to develop intimacy skills. Like how am I gonna grow up and be able to develop intimacy skills and build deep,
meaningful emotional connections? I can't do that if I've never had relational permanency. If it feels like everybody just gives up on me or I'm not wanted or I feel so bad about myself because no one kept me or I'm not rooted anywhere.
intimacy challenges are so intense often for our kids coming from care because they've been rejected so much. In fact, and I always love to kind of note this research that was really profound.
And this is with kids who were adopted as older kids from foster care. They have very good outcomes generally because what we stop is the foster care experience of rotating care.
Once they get rooted into a family, it is that family and the intimacy, so think intimacy of that family system, that's the healing mechanism for that child.
So it isn't always just that therapist out there, it's really that family. It's actually why we want family attachment therapists with our families because we want to empower families to do that healing work, which is building and strengthening that emotional intimacy.
and the outcomes are very good when we get kids out of foster care. It's those kids that have to emancipate that never get their needs claimed, never get that rootedness that they need.
So what can parents do to help with our child, adolescent, young adult or adult who is struggling with intimacy? Well,
I always like a tube here. the leaders in this emotional dance. We have to be the leaders, which means when we have to know what our emotions are internally. When I say we're leading the emotional dance,
imagine that attachment dance floor, and I'm in an emotional relationship with my child. I have to know what my emotions are, because if I'm always triggered by my child,
I may be frustrated and angry all the time at my child. - Mm -hmm. help me build emotional intimacy with my child because they may be fearing my anger or my rejection because I just might be triggered all the time with my child.
So I have to be really in awareness of what I'm feeling on this dance floor. When I say leading the dance, kids are going to have all kinds of big feelings, big behaviors.
Think of like the Tasmanian devil that's on the dance floor like oh that's what trauma does. That's easy for me to imagine. I've had one. Yeah. For many of our parents, they can go like,
"Oh, I got that. He's the Tasmanian devil." Yep. But I'm the one that helps to regulate and I'm the one setting the tone as the parent on this attachment dance and emotional intimacy.
I'm leading that. So I lead with my emotion. So there's lots of things parents have to do to take really good care of themselves to make sure that they're not easily triggered into distress themselves because we can get easily triggered.
So we have to be masters of our own regulation, right? So we have to bounce back from our own distress because that's really what we're modeling for our kids at the end of the day.
How to attune with their needs, but we have to be regulated internally, emotionally. So good self -care is what I tell everybody. one of our parents, nurture thyself in every way.
There's a lot of tricks in our parent book, the blue book for parents on the seven core issues. It's a book really just built for parents, so they're in awareness of their own triggers and develop coping strategies to nurture themselves and lead that dance of emotion with their kiddo.
Very well said. Let me interrupt. yet one more time to tell you about our 12 free courses that you can find on our online learning center.
You can access them at bit .ly /jbfsupport and the reason it says Jbfsupport is that they are brought to you through the support of the Jockey Being Family Foundation.
You can get to them at bit .ly /jbfsupport. /jbfsupport. All right. Now we are at our last of the seven core issues,
and that's mastery and control. First of all, what do you mean by mastery and control? Yeah, I always have folks think about this issue, Don, like it's on a continuum.
So in your minds, I see a continuum on one end see mastery on the other end see control. And mastery. it's really framed around being able to master thyself and the core issues within thyself.
Think about like developmental mastery for our kids. When we don't get to mastery, either myself as a parent, like in my own parental identity or feeling really good as the mother of this child,
that's a mastery issue within myself. I can't put that on my child. That's my own mastery issue because I have my own parental. identity, how it feels to be a mother, how it feels to be a father.
On the other end is control, and often when we have a lack of mastery, we're stuck in control. Control meaning I'm gonna fight for control, like we're gonna be power struggling for control because control shows up in relationships when there's a lack of mastery,
either within myself or when there are attachment impairments. That you can seek. can fight for control every second of every day, because it's a survival strategy. They're trying to not have any more losses,
so they're going to control everything to not feel anything or avoid their own emotions or have more power, because power and control are always linked to there. So assisting our kids from going to this need for control in everything they do to getting to that place of magic.
developmental mastery, over this experience of adoption or foster care, which has created all these issues. So think of that lost jar. Like, how do I get to mastery when I'm filled with missing pieces of my identity?
And I have these losses that I don't know how to grieve those losses, like moving towards mastery, because we've acknowledged those losses and I'm working to heal from those things.
gets us away from control and into a sense of mastery, like I know thyself, right? So what can parents do to help our kids move from needing to control as much as they can to a feeling of mastery?
Yeah, there are some very specific activities in the workbook around this. We have to explore the control dynamics instead of relationships. Gotta talk about control and why control is important.
Like, wow, I noticed you need a lot of control. Like from the morning you wake up, you need a lot of control. Helping parents share the control they don't need 'cause we don't need to have all the control as parents.
We can set up, for instance, if you have a child, you can set up limited choices. Like, did you wanna wear the blue shoes or the red shoes today? today? Did you want bagels or french toast today?
Like always giving two limited choices? We're going to share some control that we don't need so kids aren't always having to fight for more control and we never give away our control because smart savvy parents aren't giving away their control because we're the parents we have to have that control.
While assisting kids in really understanding the thing they'll never lose, and I always tell parents this is a really important piece to be saying, that they're never going to be losing our love and our acceptance of that.
There's an activity in this section of the book. It's called The 10 Things Your Child Needs to Hear from You. And it's connected to the adoption and foster care losses,
these core, profound, life -altering losses your child has experienced. And if you're not adopted or you were never in foster care, you don't know how this feels. You could guess or imagine,
but you don't know how this feels. So these 10 messages are, by the way, very intentionally written, one from my 30 years of working with kids and teens specifically from adoption and foster care that helped me frame these 10 things that we need parents to say,
yes, yes, yes. and heart to their child's heart and mind. Can you give us an example of some of your 10 things? The 10 things sound like this.
Number one, nothing, nothing stops my love for you. Number two, even though I get angry or mad at you sometimes,
I always, always, I always There may be times when I need to take a break and think about what I'm feeling and why I'm upset, hurt or mad.
Number three, your voice matters. Your feelings matter. I see and hear you. Number four, you will have lots and lots of deep feelings about your adoption or foster care story.
and what happened to you. All those big feelings are normal and I hope you share them with me. Number five, you are unique,
strong and worthy of love. Number six, the only person I want you to be is you. My job is to help you explore and find out who you are.
Number seven, you will have lots of questions about your birth first family, such as what happened and why it happened. All those questions are okay and I'm always here to talk and listen.
Number eight, it's okay to be sad, mad, hurt, scared or overwhelmed sometimes about all the things that have happened to you. Thank you.
to express your feelings can be hard. I'm here to help with all those big feelings. Number nine, you do not have to choose between loving us and your birth first family.
I will support your decision to find out more about your birth first family and or your lost connections. Your heart is big and can love everyone.
Number 10, being adopted can feel really different sometimes. Lots of people don't understand how it feels and may make jokes or comments or tell you how lucky you are.
I want you to know that I'm the lucky one because I get to be your parent. Those are beautiful. Thank you so much for sharing those and the underlying message it's seems to me of everything we've been saying is that our children can heal and we as parents are the most important thing,
the most important element in helping our kids heal. So thank you so much, Allison Maxson, for being with us today to talk about the seven core issues in adoption and foster care.
I truly appreciate it. Did you know that this podcast, as well as the resources that we provide at our website, CreatingaFamily .org, would not happen without our partners.
And our partners are agencies that believe in our mission. And our mission is to providing expert -based trauma -informed trainings, resources, whatever to foster adoptive and kin families.
One such partner is Children's Connection. They are an adoption agency. providing services for domestic infant adoption, placing babies throughout the U .S. They also do home studies and post -adoption support for families in Texas.